национальные блюда россии на английском

National cuisine

Russia – a multiethnic country, where you can taste very different, sometimes very exotic dishes of many ethnic groups – from the Tatar chak-chak (a dessert made of dough with honey) to Yakutsk stroganina (freshly frozen fish or meat). However, you’ll find traditional Russian cuisine in any corner of the country. Here are 12 dishes that must be tasted in Russia.

Cabbage soup (Shchi)

Shchi is a cabbage soup that dates back to the 11th century. The list of ingredients includes meat, seasonings and a dressing of sour cabbage pickle. However, the components may vary depending on the type of boiling (lean, fish, green), and culinary arts of the chef – many Russians prepare this soup using their own recipes. Shchi is eaten with rye bread, dressed with sour cream or spices.

Pelmeni (Meat Dumplings)

Pelmeni is the Russian dish that is most well-known abroad. It appeared in the Urals in the early 14th century. The very name «pelmeni» originates from a similar word in the Finno-Ugrish languages which, in literal translation, means «bread ear». Classic pelmeni use minced beef, lamb, and pork rolled in unfermented dough of wheat, eggs and water. Ready-prepared pelmeni are cooked in boiling, salted water. They are served with oil, mustard, mayonnaise or other dressings. The tradition of the entire family molding pelmeni dumplings stretches back over many generations. The larger the family, the greater the volume that is made. Part of the prepared pelmeni would be boiled there and then, the rest frozen.

Porridge

Porridge, like soup, is an indispensable part of Russian cuisine. Even in childhood Russian’s always eat porridge for breakfast, which is good for you and nutritional. It is likely you will be offered semolina, barley, oat, buckwheat, and several dozen varieties of porridge for breakfast at a hotel, at a cafe, student cafeteria or when visiting friends. It is served hot, richly flavoured with butter. As they say in Russia, porridge cannot be spoiled with butter which means that it can do you no harm, even when served in large quantities.

Russian Pies

In Russian cuisine, pies have about the same importance, as pizza in Italy. Russian pies are chiefly made of savoury dough with various fillings, from meat and fish to fruit and curd. Cheesecake, coulibiac, small pies, cakes, shangi, wickets, kurniks: this is by no means a complete list of the varieties of this dish. If you are made home-made pies, consider yourself lucky. However in many public catering establishments they are no inferior to the home-made examples.

Pancakes

Pancakes is the oldest dish of Russian cuisine that appeared back in the 11th century. The recipe of one of the most famous Russian dishes is simple: milk, eggs, and salt, but the cooking process requires skills that not every housewife possesses. Batter is poured into a frying pan with hot oil, and the task of the chef is to bake a rosy flat pancake without lumps and not let it burn too soon. The thinner the pancakes, the higher the level of the cook’s skill. The Russians say that the first pancake is always lumpy, which means that any undertaking usually begins with a failure.

Pancakes are usually served hot with sour cream, butter, honey or meat, fish, vegetables, sweet, fruit and other fillings are folded in them. Pancakes with caviar is particularly glamorous dish.

Olivier (Russian Salad)

Just as the Americans find it hard to imagine Thanksgiving without the traditional turkey and the Italians a Christmas table without lentils and Zampogne, the New Year’s table in many Russian families is inconceivable without «Olivier», known abroad as «Russian salad». Named after its creator – the French chef Lucien Olivier who worked in Moscow in the 19th century, it gained widespread popularity in the Soviet era. Its particular popularity is as much as anything down to the ease of preparation and the ready availability of all the ingredients. Classic Soviet «Olivier» included boiled potatoes and carrots, sausage, hard-boiled eggs, pickles, green peas and dill. All this was cut in small cubes and dressed with mayonnaise.

Vinaigrette

This salad appeared in Russian cuisine in the 19th century. It is made of boiled beets, potatoes, beans, carrots and pickles and onions. All this is dressed with sunflower oil. It has an appearance akin to dry borsch.

Salted Cucumbers

Any table in Russia rarely comes without pickles. Home-pickled cucumbers, tomatoes, cabbage, and mushrooms are often a source of great pride for hosts. The traditional Russian digestif, vodka, is usually accompanied by crunchy pickles, scented with dill and horseradish.

Preserves

Preserves are a form of home-made dessert. It is like confiture or jam, only liquid and with whole berries or fruit pieces. Preserves are often made from fruit and berries grown in one’s own garden plot, or gathered in the forest. The consistency, taste and recipe depend largely on the skills and preferences of the housewife. If you’re ever offered a mother’s or grandmother’s preserves, don’t deny yourself this pleasure.

Pastille

Pastille is a traditional Russian sweet that has been known since the 14th century. Its shape and texture is resemblant of marshmallow, but has its own unique taste. Originally it was made of Antonovka apples, which grew only in Russia. Since the 19th century, this exclusive Russian dessert has been exported to Europe. Later pastille was made from other varieties of apples and berries. Later honey and subsequently sugar became an important component.

Before the 1917 Revolution, Kolomenskaya, Rzhevskaya and Belevskaya sorts of (puffed) pastille were especially popular. Today, the manufacture of pastille was resurrected according to the old recipes. All sorts of pastille may be bought in Russian stores.

Kvass

Kvass is one of the oldest Russian drinks, enjoyed by everybody from peasants to tsars. It is first mentioned in the chronicles in 1056. Before the end of the 19th century it was made as a low-alcohol drink (2-3 degrees) using rye malt with the addition of herbs, berry and fruit juices. Subsequently, kvass was brewed from ready-baked bread and ship’s biscuits. Some Russians still like to brew kvass at home. The drink is very refreshing in the hotter months. It should be served chilled.

Aspic (broth jelly)

Aspic is a meat jelly. It is cooked from a dense meat broth with pieces of meat, the meat is boiled for several hours and then chilled. It is served cold as a starter.

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15 Traditional Russian Foods You Must Try

Quynh Anh Nguyen/Getty Images

Russia may not be the first to come to mind when you think of a food destination, but the country has plenty of delicious traditional dishes to try. Visitors to Russia are often surprised at the variety and flavors of Russian cuisine, which is influenced by Russia’s connection to Europe, Asia, and the Middle East. The most classic Russian recipes are made of veggies and wheat, such as soups, porridges, and stuffed dough.

Borscht

Borscht is a beet soup that originated in the Ukraine and was quickly adopted as a Russian specialty as well. Beets may seem like a strange base for soup to many Westerners, but there are plenty of reasons that this hearty soup is one of Russia’s most famous dishes. It is full of meat and sautéed vegetables, including cabbage, carrots, onions, and potatoes. It can be served hot or cold, and is best served with a dollop of fresh sour cream on top.

Shchi

Shchi is a typical cabbage soup made from either fresh or fermented cabbage. While different recipes call for various ingredients, shchi often contains potatoes, carrots, onions, and possibly some type of meat such as chicken. The cabbage can also be replaced with sauerkraut, which is then called sour shchi.

Solyanka

Solyanka is a thick soup that is plentiful enough to be a meal in itself. This soup is made with various types of meat, including sausage, bacon, ham, and beef, as well as vegetables such as cabbage, carrots, onions, and potatoes. Chopped pickles and the traditional lemon slice garnish play an important role in giving this recipe its sour flavor. It is often also made with fish and pickled cucumbers.

If you like seafood, try ukha, a fish soup with a clear broth. Many different kinds of fish can be used to make this soup, including bream, wels catfish, northern pike, and ruffe.

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To my mind, delicious food is one of the greatest pleasures in our life. I’ve been living in St. Petersburg since my birth and can tell you many interesting things about its restaurants of Italian, French, Chinese, Japanese and Indian cuisine. However, first of all I’d like to share some secrets of typical Russian cuisine with you.

Russian cuisine is indeed original. Its distinctive feature is not only in original recipes but also in the fact that it reflects a certain way of life. Russian people usually have meals three times a day. In the morning they have breakfast, in the afternoon — dinner and in the evening it’s time for supper.

Let us start with breakfast. This meal doesn’t usually take much time to prepare, due to the fact that people, as a rule, are in a hurry for work, school or somewhere else. It may include just sandwiches, fried or scrambled eggs, corn flakes or muesli and various kinds of porridges. It can be cream of wheat, oatmeal porridge, rice or buckwheat porrige. It is more common for Russian people to drink black tea with jam or honey but there are ones who prefer coffee in the morning. You may think there is nothing special in this set of dishes. You are right. But it was a description of a typical working day breakfast, when people have little time to prepare something. Now I’d like to call your attention to breakfast of a dayoff.

Have you ever tried traditional Russian sirniki? I’m sure, if you live in Russia, at least once in your life your grandmother or mother prepared them for you. Nothing can be compared with sirniki, made of fresh village cottage cheese and fried on a pan. They are usually served with sour cream and sugar. Perhaps, the only dish which is as delicious as sirniki is blini or pancakes. In Russia they say that the thinner blini are made the tastier they are. Blini are served rolled with a variety of fillings but the most delicious ones are pancakes with jam, honey and sour cream.

A traditional Russian dinner consists of three courses. It is the main meal of the day. First of all snacks are served. It can be caviar, herring, salt cucumbers and sauerkraut. All these salt dishes are served in order to excite the appetite. In general Russian cuisine is famous for its pickles.

Then comes the first course — soup. There is a great variety of different soups in Russia but the most famous is «borsch». Shchi, rassolnik, shchaveleviy soup and cold soup — okroshka are also cooked in Russia. Of course, it is not the whole list of traditional Russian soups, but these are the most popular ones.

After the soup the second course follows. It usually includes meat or fish and garnish. The Russians prefer freshwater fish like carp and pike. As for meat, it may be pork, beef, veal, lamb, turkey or chicken. The most famous meat dishes in Russia are zharkoye (stewed beef with potatoes, onions, carrots and garlic seasoned with salt and pepper), beef Stroganoff (the dish consists of pieces of beef served in a sauce with sour cream) and cutlets (the dish made of minced meat). The main course is usually served with garnish — mashed, baked or fried potatoes, pasta or vegetables. Russian people often eat pelmeni (meat dumplings) for the second course. Pelmeni are often cooked by the whole family. Firstly, the filling of minced meat is made due to the particular recipe, then they roll out the pastry and after that everybody sits at the big dinner table and makes pelmeni. Sometimes the preparation of this dish takes almost the whole day. Very often people cook pelmeni for a holiday. The Russians eat everything with bread but sometimes pies are served instead of bread. These pies may be stuffed with various fillings: fish, spring onions and eggs, meat, chicken, potatoes and mushrooms. Sweet pies are served for tea. They are usually stuffed with different fresh berries or jam. Every housewife has her own cooking secret.

As for the third course, it is usually a drink — compote, kissel or mors. In old Russia there existed another popular drink — Medovukha which is derived from the word «honey» (in Russian it sounds as «mjod»). Sometimes this course includes desserts. It may be ice-cream, baked apples or some fresh fruit.

Supper is the longest meal of the day, since it is time when the whole family can gather at one table and discuss some news. Russian people usually have a substantial meal for supper. It may be fried potatoes, potatoes in their skin with herring, fried fish or chicken. But there are also people who prefer light supper such as cottage cheese with sugar or milk and jam, an apple cake called «sharlotka», or a potato cake, or some vegetables. It will depend just on a person’s preference.

It is worth saying that Russian cuisine is famous for its natural products. Russian people are fond of gathering, drying and using mushrooms and all kinds of forest berries in their dishes.

In my opinion, Russian cuisine is one of the most varied and delicious in the world but tastes differ. As far as I know, people from other countries consider Russian people heavy eaters not only because of the amount of food we eat per day, but also due to its fat content. Anyway, if you are not keen on Russian cuisine, it is up to you to choose any other food.

Трудно не согласиться с тем, что вкусная еда — одно из самых больших удовольствий в нашей жизни. Всю свою жизнь я живу в Санкт-Петербурге и могу рассказать много интересного о ресторанах итальянской, французской, китайской, японской и индийской кухни. Однако, прежде всего, мне хотелось бы поделиться с вами секретами русской кухни.

Русская кухня очень необычна. Её отличительная особенность заключается не только в оригинальных рецептах приготовления блюд, но и в том, что она выражает определённый стиль жизни. Русские люди обычно едят 3 раза в день. Утром они завтракают, днём обедают, а вечер — время ужина.

Давайте начнём с завтрака. Приготовление завтрака обычно не занимает много времени, тем более что по утрам люди, как правило, куда-то спешат — на работу, в школу и т. д. Завтрак может представлять собой бутерброды, яичницу или омлет, хлопья или мюсли, манную, овсяную, рисовую или гречневую кашу. По утрам обычно пьют чай с вареньем или мёдом, но есть люди, предпочитающие кофе. Возможно, вам покажется, что в таком наборе блюд нет ничего особенного. Вы правы. Дело в том, что это было описание завтрака в обычный рабочий день, когда у людей нет времени что-либо готовить. Теперь я бы хотела обратить ваше внимание на завтрак русского человека в выходной день.

Вы когда-нибудь пробовали русские сырники? Я уверена, что если вы живёте в России, то хотя бы раз в жизни ваша бабушка или мама готовила вам сырники. С сырниками, приготовленными из свежего деревенского творога, ничто не может сравниться. Обычно их подают со сметаной и сахаром. Наверное, единственное такое же вкусное блюдо, как сырники, — это блины. В России считается, что чем тоньше блин — тем он вкуснее. Блины подаются с разными начинками, но самые вкусные блины — с вареньем, мёдом и со сметаной.

Традиционный русский обед состоит из трёх блюд. Обед — самое главное время еды. Чтобы раззадорить аппетит, сначала подаётся закуска. Это могут быть солёные огурчики, икра, селёдка, квашеная капуста. Русская кухня вообще славится своими соленьями.

Дальше следует первое блюдо. В России готовят огромное количество первых блюд, но самое известное из них — это борщ. Также есть щи, рассольник, щавелевый суп и холодный суп — окрошка. Естественно, это не весь список русских супов, но это одни из самых популярных.

После первого блюда наступает время для второго. Обычно это мясо или рыба с гарниром. Русские предпочитают в еде пресноводную рыбу — карпа или щуку. Что касается мяса, здесь может быть всё что угодно — свинина, говядина, телятина, баранина, индейка, курица. Самые известные русские мясные блюда — это жаркое (тушёное мясо с картофелем, луком, морковью, чесноком и какой-либо приправой), бефстроганов (блюдо из кусочков говядины под сметанным соусом) и котлеты (блюдо, сделанное из фарша). Второе блюдо обычно подаётся с гарниром: картофельным пюре, отварным или жареным картофелем, макаронами или овощами. Очень часто в качестве второго блюда используют пельмени. Их готовят обычно всей семьёй. Сначала по определённому рецепту делают начинку из фарша, затем раскатывают тесто, а потом все вместе садятся за большой стол и лепят пельмени. На приготовление этого блюда уходит почти весь день. Часто это праздничное блюдо. Русские едят всё с хлебом, но иногда вместо хлеба подаются пирожки. Они могут быть с самой разнообразной начинкой — с рыбой, с луком и яйцом, с мясом, с курицей, с картошкой и грибами. К чаю подаются сладкие пирожки — с разными ягодами или вареньем из этих же ягод. У каждой хозяйки свой секрет приготовления пирожков.

Третье блюдо — это обычно компот, кисель или морс. В Древней Руси был ещё один популярный напиток — медовуха, чьё название происходит от слова «мёд». Иногда к третьему блюду подают десерт. Это может быть мороженое, печёные яблоки или свежие фрукты.

Ужин — самое длительное время еды. Вся семья обычно собирается за одним столом и обсуждает новости. В России принято плотно ужинать. Это может быть и жареная картошка, и картошка в мундире с селёдкой, и жареная рыба, и курица. Но многие люди предпочитают более лёгкий ужин — творог с сахаром или вареньем, яблочный пирог «шарлотка» или картофельный пирог, овощи. Выбор блюда зависит только от вашего желания.

Я думаю, что русская кухня — одна из наиболее разнообразных и вкусных в мире, но о вкусах не спорят. Насколько я знаю, некоторые приезжие из других стран полагают, что русские — большие любители поесть. Основанием для такого рода предположений служит не столько количество еды, поглощаемой за день, сколько жирность русской пищи. И если вы не в восторге от русской кухни, вам ничто не мешает есть любую другую пищу.

1. Do you like Russian cuisine?
2. What is your favourite cuisine? Why?
3. How often do you go to a restaurant?
4. What do you prefer to eat for breakfast?
5. What do you usually eat for dinner?
6. What is your favourite kind of soup?
7. Does your family usually gather together for dinner?
8. Are you good at cooking?
9. What traditional Russian dishes do you know?
10. Do you think it is important to keep our Russian cuisine traditions? Why?

Vocabulary:
cuisine — кухня
delicious — вкусный
to share — делить
typical — типичный
indeed — действительно
distinctive feature — отличительная черта, особенность
recipe — кулинарный рецепт
fried eggs — яичница
scrambled eggs — омлет
oatmeal porridge — овсяная каша
cream of wheat — манная каша
rice porridge — рисовая каша
buckwheat porridge — гречневая каша
set of dishes — набор блюд
description — описание
to call one’s attention — привлечь чьё-либо внимание
dayoff — выходной день
cottage cheese — творог
pan — сковородка
pancake — блин
variety — разнообразие
filling — начинка
sour cream — сметана
course — блюдо
snack — закуска
caviar — икра
herring — сельдь
sauerkraut — квашеная капуста
to excite the appetite — раззадорить аппетит
garnish — гарнир
freshwater fish — пресноводная рыба
carp — карп
pike — щука
pork — свинина
beef — говядина
veal — телятина
lamb — баранина
turkey — индейка
carrot — морковь
garlic — чеснок
to season — приправлять
minced meat — фарш
mashed potatoes — картофельное пюре
baked potatoes — печёный картофель
fried potatoes — жареный картофель
pasta — лапша, макароны
meat dumplings — пельмени
filling — начинка
stuffing — фарш
to roll out the pastry — раскатывать тесто
instead of — вместо
pie — пирожок
spring onions — зелёный лук
to exist — существовать
to derive from — происходить от
baked apple — печёное яблоко
to gather — собирать
to have a substantial meal — сытно поесть
potatoes in the skin — картошка в мундире
it is worth saying — стоит сказать
varied — разнообразный
tastes differ — о вкусах не спорят
heavy eater — любитель поесть
fat content — содержание жира

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План рассказа на английском «Блюда русской кухни»

Любое эссе начинается с вводных слов о предложенной теме. Далее следует раскрыть предмет обсуждения и подвести итоги. План сочинения выглядит так:

А также перед написанием можно составить перечень кушаний, которые следует описать. Это могут быть:

Эссе на тему «Русская еда»

Во время разработки вариантов экзаменов педагогический коллектив составителей выбирает распространённые темы для письма (последнего задания на ЕГЭ по английскому языку).

Тема еды встречается в довольно простых вариантах. Ниже представлены 3 топика с переводом «Русская еда» для сочинения на английском языке.

Everyday food in Russia

В этом топике описываются повседневные блюда и основные приёмы пищи.

Russian traditional dishes

В каждой стране есть свои классические рецепты, которые формируются под воздействием географического положения, климата, менталитета и обычаев народа.

В сочинении на английском языке «Традиционные блюда России» содержится описание устоявшихся русских кушаний, от которых иностранцы приходят в шок.

Russian cuisine

Русская кухня — это очень ёмкое и широкое понятие. Она включает в себя всевозможные соленья, квашенья, супы, каши и различную выпечку.

В тексте на английском языке по теме «Блюда русской кухни» упоминаются самые популярные яства России.

В мире насчитывается более семи тысяч языков. Самый популярный из них — английский. Несмотря на красоту и любовь к русскому язык, филологи утверждают, что самым богатым языком является именно английский. Основные знания этого языка крайне необходимы представителям многих профессий, так как более половины справочных материалов, книг и трудов великих учёных написаны на английском.

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